From this article you will learn everything about arthrosis of the knee joint: What is it, for what reason it is created, what are the manifestations in different stages?How to treat it, how to prevent an illness.
The osteoarthritis of the knee joint (gonar rose) is a degenerative pathology of the joint, in which the destruction of the cartilage occurs, damage to the muscles and ligaments and the deformation of the bones.
The disease mainly occurs after 40 years (12-16% of people of this age are sick).Women get sick twice more often than men.Diseases are subject to athletes and people who do severe physical work.
Gonar rose gradually develops and is accompanied by the occurrence of pain in the joint:
- Joint mobility decreases;
- Bones and cartilage grow that affect the normal function of the joint.
Over time, this leads to a complete immobility of the joint.Without treatment, the disease leads to disability.
The conservative therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee joint is only possible in the early stages of process development (1 and 2).You can slow down the development of pathology and stop the development of the pathology.
As the disease progresses, the treatment is only surgical.Complete (100%) to remove the pathology only with endoprosthetics - replace the knee joint.
The traumatologist axopedist and other doctors are involved with the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint.According to the certificate, a rheumatologist is assigned.The symptoms of the disease can also be determined by a sports doctor.
Causes of the disease and types
Depending on the factor that provokes the disease, 2 varieties of the knee arthrosis are differentiated:
Primarily (idiopathic)
This type of osteoarthritis affects medium and older people.The initial phases are diagnosed after 40 years, and at the age of 70, gonarthrosis is found in 60% of people.Often 2 joints are affected at the same time.
The primary arthrosis occurs due to changes in the body with age, deterioration in the blood circulation and slowing down the metabolism.The development risk increases with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Secondary form
Secondary - can appear in one person at any age and both joints at the same time and 1.
The reasons are:
- Strong loads on the legs.
- Injuries to ribbons, knitue skills, intra -karticular fractures.
- Diseases in which metabolic processes (disorders of parathyroid glands, diabetes, hemochromatosis, Vilson disease, gout, mucopolysaccharidosis and other diseases) are interrupted.
- Diseases of the connective tissue.
- Inflammatory pathologies (infectious and non -infectious synovitis and arthritis), hemophilia (a rare hereditary illness in connection with impaired blood clotting).
Next we will analyze what it is - osteoarthritis of the knee joint, its degree, which changes in the tissues during the pathology.
Symptoms and three stages of illness
With the development of the disease, the cartilage becomes thinner due to strong loads or a lack of nutrients.This provokes the friction of bones on the knee joint.
The erosion on the bone tissue is formed as a protective reaction of the body - the formation of growth on IT begins.All of these factors lead to a deformation of the knee joint and its limited mobility.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint in 3 stages:
| stage | Clinical signs | Processes that occur in the joint |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
It can flow asymptomatic Poyality in the knees in the morning during the squat when it went up the stairs, after long loads and hypothermia is possible In the morning in the knees stiffness occurs Synovit can develop - a accumulation in the joint of a liquid that has to be removed using a puncture (a puncture of the cavity with a liquid and your fence)) |
The cartilage surface becomes rough and dry Cracks and ulcers are formed on it |
| 2 |
Pain also appears as the result of a light load and is more pronounced by actively walking The leg did not fully bent, the joint crunches regularly The knee is expanding visually The risk of synovitis increases even more |
In response to increased loads of the joint, it seems to be flat The formation of osteophytes begins - bone growth The synovial fluid becomes thicker and less nutritious Destructive processes in cartilage are accelerated |
| 3 |
Pain takes chronically in nature and even pursue the patient in peace Both the complete bend and the complete expansion of the knee are impossible The volume of the joint increases Going is difficult to start many people, crutches or a stick Valgus deformation of the legs (x-shaped legs) or variast deformation (O-shaped setting of the legs) can appear |
There is almost no cartilage The bones are deformed and "pressed", which leads to a limitation of mobility in the joint |
Acute shape
Acute osteoarthritis of the knee joint is the time when the disease manifests faster and clinically faster and brightly.
You can lead to worsening:
- too strong load on the connection;
- Settlement;
- Non -compliance with the prescribed diet;
- Injury.
Sometimes gonarthrosis starts acutely as if you are avoiding the first stage.This is possible due to a violation of the knee.
Diagnosis
If you notice a restriction in the joint in the morning or after a long session, as well as pain when going down the stairs or crouching, this can be a sign of 1 level gonarthrosis.
To make a precise diagnosis, you come to an appointment with a therapist who leads you to an orthopedic surgeon or another doctor.
Before the treatment of osteoarthritis or gonar rose, the doctor carries out an initial examination and the feeling of joint and also leads to:
- Radiography - will help to evaluate the condition of the joint.
- Ultrasound - it enables us to determine whether the accompanying inflammatory process is available.
Treatment methods
The arthrosis of the knee joint is connected to each other, since many therapeutic measures aim to eliminate disturbing characteristics and to improve the quality of human life.
Reception of drug, diet and physiotherapy exercises:
- Slow further destructive processes in cartilage;
- Prevent the transition of the disease to a more neglected stage.
It is impossible to heal the disease completely, but you can hang up and slow down the development of the pathology.
diet
The purpose of observing nutrition is to slow the further progression of the disease.
What you have to add to the menu and what should be excluded:
| Useful products | Forbidden products |
|---|---|
| Rabbits, turkey, chicken, dairy products, eggs (no more than 3 pieces a day and preferably without egg yolk) - serve as protein sources |
Fuck meat, sausages, sausages - lead to an increase in body weight, which creates an additional burden on the connection and also prevents the normal formation of synovial fluid |
| Fish, especially red varieties, are rich in omega-3 |
Flour, sweet, mayonnaise, fast food products that contribute to a set of overweight |
| Jelle, welded from broth on bones, gelatin - contain chondroitin and collagen that contribute to the formation of new cartilage tissue |
White cabbage, tomatoes, Bulgarian pepper, eggplants after a few versions contain substances that destroy collagen and chondroitin - "building blocks" for cartilage tissue However, some studies refute their damage to osteoarthritis |
| Rice, millet, buckwheat have complex carbohydrates that contribute to the formation of synovial fluid |
Egg yolk, cod liver - increase the risk that the gout develops |
| House cheese, cheese - sources of calcium |
Coffee - lenses from the body that is useful for bones and calcium joints |
| Apples, broccoli, beans, pumpkin, zucchini, parsley, dill, cucumber, carrots, celery, spinach, grain, currant, grapefruit, grenade, papaya, almonds - the most useful products of plant bump Saturated with substances that benefit joints |
Alcohol - violates normal nutritional and metabolic processes in the joints |
| Water (1.5–2 liters per day) - helps to normalize the metabolism in the body and especially in the joints Juices (these fruit and vegetables that are listed above) |
Salt - can lead to aggravation |
Physical training
If you have developed the arthrosis of the knee, medical exercises should be every day.Special exercises stimulate blood circulation in the joint that prevent further destructive processes in the cartilage.Physical sports formation will also increase the mobility of the affected knee and prevent pain.However, every gymnastics is contraindicated in the acute course of the disease.
Therapeutic gymnastics for the knee joints of Dr.Evdokimenko
The purpose of this complex of therapeutic gymnastics is to force the muscles that surround the joint without loading it.The gymnastics according to the method of Evdokimenko shows very good results with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
Exercises:
- Place on your stomach, smooth your legs, arms on the seams.Lift legs above the floor to a height of 15 cm, tighten the buttocks and the muscles of the thigh.Keep this foot position for 30-40 seconds.Reduce.Repeat the movement with each foot once.
- Lift your straight leg over the floor by 15 cm and hold it for 1-3 seconds.Return to its original position (IP).Make 10-12 repetitions for each leg.
- Bend the knee 90 degrees.Lift the curved leg to a height of 10 cm from the floor and keep it for 30-40 seconds.Make this movement 1 time with every foot.Then repeat the same exercise, but with a delay in each leg by 1-3 seconds.Perform 10-12 repetitions of each legs.
- Lift two straight legs above the floor with 10-15 cm.Dilute them to the sides and take them back.Cover the movements 8 times movable without reducing the legs onto the floor.In this case, the muscles of the thigh should function as much as possible.
- Lie on the side.Bend the lower leg into the knee.Leave the top straight and increase 45 degrees above the floor.In this way, keep it for 30-40 seconds.Exercise on every leg at 1 time.
- Sit on a chair.Lift the maximum sentence in your knee.Keep it for 30 seconds.Lift each leg 2-4 times.
- Stand up.Lean over the back of the chair.Stand on socks.Is 30-60 seconds.Return to the IP.
- Stand on socks and keep in this position for 1-3 seconds.Return to the IP.Repeat the movement 10-12 times.
- Place your right foot on the floor.Stand on the sock of the left leg.Climb the socks with your right foot and lower the left heel to the floor.Roll up 10-12 times.
The sports formation of this author is more intensity than the previous one.It is only possible with the first signs of gonarthrosis.Before you do it yourself, definitely consult your doctor.
If you have severe pain when carrying out movements, stop them immediately.
Surgical methods
Since it is impossible to heal the osteoarthritis of the knee joint using completely conservative methods, doctors use operating methods in severe cases.
One of the most effective - endoprosthetics of the knee joint, that is, replaces the frictional surfaces of the artist.
The recovery phase after the endoprosthetics is between 3 and 6 months.
Such surgical interventions are also carried out:
- Artroplasty - plastic surgery to restore the normal structure of the joint;
- Correction osteotomy - the correction of valgus or varus deformations of the legs, which could occur with advanced forms of osteoarthritis.
Folk remedy
House manufacturing products can serve as a wonderful addition to traditional therapy.
However, before you treat the osteoarthritis of the knee joint using folk remedies, consult your doctor because some natural ingredients may have contraindications or are not combined with the medication you have prescribed.
Here are some effective recipes that have been checked in time:
- The beef hooves and a knee - contribute to the restoration of cartilage.Cook them for several hours.Drink 100 ml broth before each meal.
- Honey, apple cider vinegar - accelerate swelling and pain.Mix the components compresses in a ratio of 3 to 1. In the evening and apply 30 minutes.
- Jerusalem artichoke - helps relieve a pain attack.Pour 350 g chopped leaves and top namic stems 2 l boiling water.Cool up to room temperature.Moisten a gauze association in the infusion and put on a aching joint.
prevention
Preventive measures are very simple:
- Activate sports lessons, but don't overload your knees.Never run with asphalt.Special paths or primers are suitable for running.
- Avoid injuries to the knee or treat them in time.Contact the traumatologist immediately for bruises and sprains and follow all of his recommendations.
- Eat properly.
- Determine bad habits.
forecast
Osteoarthritis is an illness that cannot be completely healed using conservative methods.
However, they don't despair.To comply with all the recommendations of the doctor, you can avoid complications, relieve pain and improve the amplitude of the movements in the joint.
Do not postpone the visit of the specialist because the disease in the later stages can lead to deformations of the legs and disabilities.Modern medicine treats them quickly.